A glittering mosaic of colored
stones once decorated an ancient synagogue floor with scenes of the Biblical
hero Samson getting revenge on the Philistines.
This newly excavated discovery in
the ancient Jewish village of Huqoq not only depicts an unusual scene — Samson
tying torches to foxes' tails in order to burn his enemies' crops — it's also
remarkably high-quality, said dig archaeologist Jodi Magness of the University
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
In a mosaic, "the smaller the
cubes, the finer the work," Magness told LiveScience. "Our cubes are
very small and fine."
The mosaic, which is incomplete,
depicts several scenes. In one, two female faces flank a Hebrew inscription
about rewards for people who perform good deeds. In the other, Samson, of the
biblical story Samson and Delilah, ties torches to pairs of foxes, an event
described in the Book of Judges in both the Christian and Hebrew Bibles. As the
story goes, Samson falls in love with a woman of Philistine origin, a people
who ruled the city-states of Gaza, Askelon, Ashdod, Ekron and Gath in the
ancient Middle East. The Philistines are depicted as enemies of the Israelis in
the Bible.
At his wedding feast with his
Philistine bride, Samson taunts the Philistine groomsmen with a riddle they
cannot possibly answer. When his bride begs Samson for the solution and passes
it on to her kinsmen, he kills 30 men from Askelon in a rage. When he returns
home, he finds that his bride has been given to someone else. In revenge,
Samson gathers pairs of foxes and ties their tails together with torches
between them. He then looses 300 of the animals on the Philistines' fields,
destroying their crops.
It's this scene that is depicted in
the mosaic. It's an "unusual" subject, Magness said, because only two
other synagogues have been found that depict Samson at all, much less a fiery
scene of revenge. But one of the other ancient synagogues that does depict
Samson is only a few miles from the newly excavated building, Magness said.
"It suggests that, for whatever
reason, Samson was popular in the local area," she said.
The synagogue would have been the
only house of worship in the village, Magness said. For a village synagogue,
it's very fancy, suggesting that the village was an affluent place. That's
interesting, Magness said, because the area was under the rule of Byzantine
Christians at the time the synagogue was in use. Usually, this is seen as a
time of oppression for Jewish peoples, but it seems that the residents of this
particular village were doing well.
The archaeologists uncovered the
mosaic last week. A student on his first dig was carefully scraping away at the
dirt with a hoe when he felt the hard surface of the mosaic. He called Magness
over, and they carefully excavated, brushing away dirt to reveal a colorful
female face staring back at them, exposed to the light of day for the first
time in 1,500 years.
"I think that was probably by
far the most exciting moment I've had as an archaeologist in my life,"
Magness said
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